Which statement best describes the function of hormones?

Hormones function primarily as chemical messengers that regulate a wide variety of physiological processes throughout the body. They are produced by endocrine glands and are released into the bloodstream, where they can reach distant target tissues or organs. Once they bind to specific receptors on these target cells, they initiate a cascade of biochemical responses that can affect metabolism, growth, mood, immune function, and many other critical bodily functions.

This role as chemical messengers is central to maintaining homeostasis, enabling the body to respond to internal and external stimuli effectively. For example, insulin regulates blood glucose levels, while cortisol helps the body respond to stress.

Other options do not accurately describe hormonal function. Structural elements in cells pertain more to proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that make up cellular architecture rather than hormonal roles. While hormones can influence aspects of cellular respiration indirectly, they are not primarily involved in this process. Moreover, stating that hormones are only active during development overlooks their continuous roles throughout an organism’s life, including maintaining physiological balance and responding to changes in the environment.