Which molecules are involved in the conversion of genetic information into proteins?

The correct answer involves mRNA and tRNA because these molecules play essential roles in the process of translating genetic information into proteins.

mRNA, or messenger RNA, serves as a template that carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. It encodes the information needed to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein, which is crucial for carrying out various functions in the cell.

tRNA, or transfer RNA, is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosomes during translation. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that pairs with the codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. This process of translation effectively converts the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

The other options do not adequately represent both essential components involved in this conversion process. For instance, while rRNA contributes to the structural and functional aspects of ribosomes, it does not have a direct role in carrying genetic information. Similarly, DNA is not involved in the protein synthesis process at the level of translation; it serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription. ATP provides energy for various cellular processes but is not