What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs, which is essential for cell division. This phase is crucial because it ensures that each daughter cell will receive an accurate copy of the genetic material. During S phase, the entire genome is duplicated so that when a cell divides, each new cell has the full complement of DNA necessary to function properly.

By specifically focusing on DNA replication, this phase prepares the cell for mitosis or meiosis, which follow in the cell cycle. Successful DNA replication involves the unwinding of the double helix, synthesis of new DNA strands by DNA polymerases, and proofreading mechanisms to ensure fidelity in the genetic material being copied. All of this establishes the groundwork for subsequent cellular activities and division.