What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, functions as the primary energy currency in cells, making it essential for various cellular activities. It is composed of an adenosine molecule attached to three phosphate groups. The energy stored in the high-energy bonds between the phosphate groups becomes available for cellular processes when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This release of energy drives many crucial biochemical reactions, including muscle contraction, active transport across membranes, and biosynthetic processes.

The significance of ATP as an energy carrier cannot be overstated—it captures chemical energy derived from the breakdown of molecules and distributes it to areas in the cell where it is needed. Hence, it plays a vital role in energy transfer within the cell and is considered the main energy source for metabolism.