What is the function of microtubules during cell division?

Microtubules play a crucial role in cell division by forming the mitotic spindle, a structure that is essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes. During mitosis, microtubules extend from the centrosomes at each pole of the cell and attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes. This attachment allows the chromosomes to be evenly pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell. The accurate separation of chromosomes is vital for ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes, thus maintaining genomic stability.

The formation of the mitotic spindle is a highly regulated process, and it involves the dynamic instability of microtubules, which can rapidly grow and shrink. This behavior is crucial during the metaphase and anaphase stages of mitosis, allowing for appropriate tension and movement of the chromosomes.

Other options represent cellular processes that do not involve microtubules in the context of cell division. For instance, cell membrane formation is handled by lipid bilayers and proteins, not microtubules. Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes and is independent of microtubule function. Lastly, the storage of genetic information is maintained by DNA within the nucleus, not microtubules. Thus, the primary function of microtubules in