What are the steps involved in gene expression?

The correct sequence of events in gene expression begins with transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This is a crucial process as it serves as the first step in converting the genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins, which are essential for cellular function. After transcription is complete, the mRNA then undergoes translation, where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a specific polypeptide chain of amino acids, ultimately folding into a functional protein.

Understanding that transcription must occur before translation is key to comprehending the flow of genetic information in biological systems. In eukaryotic cells, additional steps might be involved between transcription and translation, such as RNA processing, which modifies the mRNA to ensure it is ready for translation. However, the primary sequence of transcription followed by translation remains consistent across different organisms.

The other options suggest incorrect sequences that do not align with the established framework of gene expression. Replication, for instance, pertains to DNA duplication and is not directly part of the gene expression process.