What are possible consequences of mutations in DNA?

Mutations in DNA can lead to various changes that significantly impact the organism, with the alteration of protein function being one of the most critical consequences. When a mutation occurs within a gene, it can change the amino acid sequence of the protein that the gene encodes. This change in the protein's structure can subsequently affect its function. Proteins play crucial roles in almost all cellular processes, including enzymatic reactions, cell signaling, and structural integrity. If the mutation results in a non-functional protein or an improperly regulated protein, it can contribute to the development of diseases, such as cancer, genetic disorders, or other health issues.

The potential consequences of mutations are broad and varied, making option B the most comprehensive and accurate. It encompasses the idea that many mutations can disrupt normal biological functions and lead to pathologies affecting cellular health and overall organism well-being.